Although we know study structure to build one of them. It tis clear that we can do a shape of a car very intuitivily. So this is our first proyect for this course.
We should do some practices with ARDUINO board. It is true that as programming language ARDUINO is very dificult. This is the reason why we are going to use bitbloq that is very similar to SCRATCH and it let us to learn also ARDUINO language. This video shows three practicises and how you can do in bitblog. I hope you enjoy it and the practiceses.
ACTIVITIES 1.- Do the practicises 2.- Take photos and do videos HOMEWORK 1.- Write a report in which include photos and the videos. 2.- Can you include any of these praticises in a project?
ARDUINO, is not just a controller card, it is an open hardware electronic platform for the creation of prototypes. It allows connecting both analog and digital sensors and actuators, both analog and digital. This is the link
The appearance of an ARDUINO ONE card (the most used) is the following:
The fundamental part is the ATMMega328 microprocessor. But it also has 6 analog inputs and 14 digital inputs / outputs. 2 power pins (5 and 3.3 V) a reset button and the probability of external power or USB port. Each contact provides 40 mA maximum and we can connect circuits using Shield or Protoboard plates.
The BQ company has used this controller card as a base and, by making some changes, has created its own BQ ZUM and FREDUINO control cards. Its use is more simplified.
In addition to having the card, it is necessary to download the software from the platform. The ARDUINO environment is very friendly and simple.
Programming with Arduino is very simple. Sequential, branched structures and loops are based on the same principles as programming with Scratch. In fact we can connect from Arduino with S4A (Scratch for Arduino) and use Scratch to program our ARDUINO.
All ARDUINO program consists of 2 parts.
void setup Where in general the input and output pins are specified
&
void loop Where the main loop is carried out (similar to a forever)
At the beginning of the program, constants and variables must be declared.
A feature of the servomotors is that their connection cables in addition to the power supply have a third control cable. This is due to the fact that servomotors incorporate a PWM circuit (pulse width modulation) that controls the angle of rotation by means of the value of a pulse signal.
When the pulse of the signal has a certain value the motor does not rotate it remains with an angle of 0º. The greater the pulse, the greater the rotation of the motor in a certain direction. The same happens in the opposite direction when we decrease the pulse.
The great disadvantage of servomotors is that their movement is limited between 0 and 180º. For this reason, and to achieve a complete 360º rotation, it is necessary to remove the stops of the gearbox, but it is also necessary to replace the potentiometer with two resistors of the same value.
In this way the control circuit will have the signal of 90º and will continue to rotate.
In our practice we have connected a servo motor to the ARDUINO board, connecting the power cables to ground and +5 respectively and the control one to pin 9. Loading in ARDUINO the following program:
We have already studied the inputs,however we haven't studied the two main outputs. Both of them are digital. The diode LED is one of them. It can emite light whe you connet it well. In the video is explained why.
ACTIVITIES 1.- Using Cocdrile design circuit with LED. Measure its current and voltage. 2.- Using a protoboard to build a circuit with a LED. Try it in direct and inverse polarity 3.- Do a search on the Internet about the applications of LEDs HOMEWORK Do a search about servomotors
Robots are machine that easies our live. We have create to do monotonous and danger task such as paint or explorer a planet. However they never will reach the human conditions. Our future will be plenty of these machines, so you should know how they work and how you can use. For this purpouse you need some knowledge. The video shows you some important contents about control and robotic
ACTIVITIES You will do a presentation of 5 minutes about a sensor. To ilustatre your presentation, you should do a Padlet HOMEWORK Do a search about what is a LED
WE USE CIRCUIT IN OUR PROJECTS, SO WE NEED TO BE SURE ABOUT THEM. THIS IS THE MAIN REASON WHY WE TEST THEM BEFORE USING IN THE PROJECT. FOR THIS PURPOUSE WE USE THE PROTOBOARD. AND TO MEASURE VOLTAGES AND CURRENT WE USE THE POLIMETER. IN THE VIDEO IS SHOWN HOW TO USE THEM
ACTIVITIES Using this document do a report and upload to your SCHOOLOGY account DOCUMENT HOMEWORK DO A MENTAL MAP OF THIS UNIT
We use electric energy because is easy to produce and to transport. However it has to be transform into others types of energy. To do this we use the electric machines. It is necesary that we know how they works its parts and the science principles of them. this video shows this things.
ACTIVITIES 1.- Study a motor and taking photos explain how it works 2.- Do you transform a motor into a dinamo? How? 3.- Desing a circuit capable of change the sense of a motor by using a switch? HOMEWORK Do a search about Polimeter, voltimeter and amperimeter
We can design electric circuit by using the Cocodrile, however we need to build them phically by using the components. It is very important, indeed, to know the components theirs symbols and its function in a circuit to build our circuit. The first element are resistors and their colour code. In this video is explained the most important elements, their symbols and their funtions in a circuit.
ACTIVITIES 1.- Do a search on the Internet and with this information do a report in a slide 2.- Desing and build a circuit capable of make work a buzz or a bulb by using a two ways switch. HOMEWORK Search information about electric machines.
To desing a circuit is necesary to fix some parameters, it maight take a lot of time. This is the main reason why, the ingineers usually use simulation programs, such as AutoCAD, OrCAD, etc.. We are going to learn how they work by using a very simple one: COCODRILE CLIP. Thi program let us to do calculation very fast. This is an example of how you should use it.
ACTIVITIES Repeat the exercise using COCODRILE CLIP HOMEWORK Do a serach on the INTERNET about: a) Colour code for resistors b) Polimeter c) Protoboard.
We Know the main characterists to these types of conection, however, in this post, we are going to do calculate of the current and voltage of ecah element.
ACTIVITIES.
If you have a battery of 24 V and two resistances of 200 and 300 Ω
a) You should do a serie conection
1.- Draw the circuit
2.- Calculate the equivalent resistance
3.- The total current and the current in each resistance
4.- The total voltage and the voltage in each resistance
